Oglala bands

[mika]

I really enjoyed reading discussions on Hunkpapa, Sihasapa, Miniconjou etc. band structure. I really hope that we could hear more insight on Oglala band structure as well.

I have found tons of information of Oglala bands written mainly by Kingsley Bray and Ephriam, but it is all scattered and hard to put together.

It seems to me that in "classic period", 1850's-70's Oglalas were divided to these bands:

True Oglala
- Hunkpatila -> Payabya
- Ite Sica
- Spleen
Kiyuksa
Oyukpe
Wazhaza (More Brule than Oglala?)
Loafers

All the bands are divided to smaller subgroups, kindred groups or tiyospayes, some with known names, some with just head man known. Most of bands were further divided to agency and "hostile" groups. And groups merged and disappeared.

Is someone willing to start a list sub bands and their known leaders (Chiefs or Wicasa Itancan, Deciders or Wakicunza, shirt wearers or Wicasa Yatapika, war leaders or Blotahunka, Akicita leaders and Heralds)?


Yours,
Mika Hämäläinen,
Finland

[mika]

DeMallie (Handbook of N.A.I.) lists by sources following bands for oglala, some of them are subgroups though,

1. True Oglala - Oglála – Scatter one’s own
2. Shiyo - Siyó – Prairie Chicken
3. Hunkpatila - Hukpathina – Little Camp at Entrance
4. Ku Inyan - Kúiya – Gives Rock
5. Oyukpe - Oyúxpe – Unloaded
6. Minisha - Mnisá – Red Water
7. Peshla Ptecela - Phesla Ptécela – Short Bald Head
8. Payabya - Phayábya – Pushed Aside
9. Wazhazha - Wazáza – Osage – Osaget
10. Kiyuksa -Khiyúksa – Break in Half [Cutt-Off, Bit the Snake in Two]
11. Spleen Thaphísleca – Spleen [Skopa – bent, Split Liver]
12. Itésica – Bad Face
13. Loafer – Waglukhe - Wágluxe – Lives With Wife’s Relatives
14. Wablenitca - Wablénica – Orphan
15. Phesla – Bald Head
16. Cankahuhan - Chéxhuhathu – Kettle With Legs – Soreback
17. Tasnaheca - Thasnáheca – Gopher
18. I wayusota - Ì wayúsota – Us Up by Mouth
19. Wakan - Wakhá – Sacred
20. Igláka Thexila – Unwilling to Move Camp

Yours,
Mika Hämäläinen,
Finland

[inkpaduta1981]

In the novel "Hanta Yo", the Oglala clan of the main characters is the Mato. Who were the Mato?

[mika]

Mato means Bear, could this be about Bear People, name given to followers of Bull Bear (True Oglala, Shiyo, Kiyuksa)

[shatonska]

inkpaduta1981 said:

In the novel "Hanta Yo", the Oglala clan of the main characters is the Mato. Who were the Mato?

clan and band name are invented , it's a wanderfull novel with close links to the history of the lakotas, many real hystoric figures but it's a novel not an hystorical book (anyway you can learn southern lakota history from the book , i love it very much)

[mika]

If someone is interested, I found a groovy listing of different bands (or names/nicknames) by J. Fromhold

:-)

CANADIAN SIOUX BANDS

Birdtail Sioux, Dakota Plains, Dakota Tipi, Oak Lake, Oak River,
Portage La Prairie I.R. # 8A, Moose Woods, Sioux Valley, Standing
Buffalo, Wahpeton, Wood Mountain

SIOUX BANDS

AAA
Afraid of His Horses', Akitchita, Akichita, Alberta Bands, Alexis,
Alone's, American Horse's, Archie Eagle's, Assiniboin Indians
BBB
Bad Arms, Bad Bull's. Bad Faces, Bad Lookers, Bad Wound's, Bear,
Bear Cap's, Bear Stop's, Bear's Cap's, Bear's Head's, Bear's Rib,
Bearspaw's, Behansa, Big Bellies Lodge, Big Foot's, Big Legged Horses,
Big Road's, Big Wound's, Birdtail Sioux, Black Bull's, Black Eagle's,
Black Elk's, Black Footed Ones, Black Horn's, Black Kettle's,
Black Moon's, Black Rock's, Black Shield's, Black Stone's, Blackfoot
Sioux, Blue Coat's, Boil Their Dishes, Born In The Middle,
Brave Heart Society, Break Their Own Customs, Broad Tail's,
Broad Trail's, Broiled Meat People, Brown Thunder's, Brule Sioux,
Buffalo Society, Bull Bear's, Bull Eagle's, Bull Moose's,
Bull Society, Bull's Band, Burnt Thigh Sioux
CCC
Camp Next To Last, Canadian Sioux, Canoni Dakota, Cante Tinza Society,
Chan Tonga Indians, Chanoni Dakota, Chante Tinza Society,
Charles Eagle's, Chase The Tiger's, Cheyenne River I.R., Cheyene River
Sioux, Chihaut, Colored Cloud's, Comes In Sight's, Conquering Bear's,
Coweaters, Corn's, Crawler's, Crazy Bull's, Crazy Horse's, Crow Creek
Reservation, Crow Feather, Crow Feathers', Crow Indians, Crow King's,
Cuthead Sioux
DDD
Dakota Capot, Dakota Tipi F.N., Devil's Medicine Men, Dhegia Sioux,
Dull Knife's, Dust Scatterers
EEE
Eagle's, Eagle's Body, Eagle Sitting Down's, Eat No Dogs, EehaSapa's,
Enchanted Horse's, End Village
FFF
False Pride, Fast Beaer's, Fast Bull's, Feather Earrings',
Fire Hear's, Fire White Man's, Fishing Station # 62A,
Fishy Smell Village, Flying Bird's, Flying By's, Four Bear's,
Four Horn's, Fox Society, Fresh Meat Necklace
GGG
Gall's, Garter Snake's, General Convention of Sioux YMCAs, Good
Bear's, Good Bird's, Good Crow's, Grand River, Green Grass I.R.,
Grizzly Bear
HHH
Hai Wazi Cha's, Hairy Chin's, Haiwahzechah's, Half Breech Clout,
Ham Eaters, Harold Little Crow's, Hawwanjetah's, He Dog's, Headmen's
Lodge, High Bear's, Hinyete's, His High Horse's, HitsaipChone,
Honcpappa Sioux, Hontpapa Sioux, Hump's, Huncpapa Sioux, Hunkpapa
Sioux, Hurricane Bird's
III
IhankTonwan, IhankTunwan, IhankTunwanna, Ihoka Society, Indian
Reservation # 62A, Inkapduta's, Iron Dog's, Iron Hawk's, Iron Horse's,
Iron Point's, Iron Plume's, Iron Shield's, Isanyati Dakota, Isna's,
Issati Indians, Itsaip Chone, Itazipco, Itazipicola, Iyuptala Lodge
JJJ
Jumping Creek
KKK
Kanghi Shtunpegnaka, Kanghishtunpegnaka, Kangi Yatpi's, Kettle,
Kicking Bear's, Kill Eagle's, Kiyuksa, Koskadaka Okalakicye,
Kuya Wincasta, Kuya Winchasta
LLL
La Corne Seule's, Lakoda Indians, Lame Deer's, Lazy Bear's,
Le Beouf Assis', Leja Ga Datca, Little Bear's, Little Big Man's,
Little Brave's, Little Bull's, Little Crow's, Little End Village,
Little Hawk's, Little Knife's, Little Mountain's, Little Thunder's,
Lodges at the End of the Camp Circle, Lone Dog's, Lone Horn's,
Long Dog's, Long Horn's, Looking For The Enemy's, Loud Voiced Hawk's,
Low Dog's, Lower Brule, Lower Sioux
MMM
M'Dawakon Tonwan, M'Dawakontonwan
Mahghaska's, Mahpiyahdinape's, Mahpiya Dinape's, Mahpiya Luta's,
Mahto, Maize's, Makes Room's, Maka To Chanchon's, Makoutepoels,
Maskote Pwat, Mandan Indians, Manitoba Bands, Maple Tree's,
Mato Chicha's, Mato Inapa's, Mato Topa's, MatoEenahpa's, Matotchica's,
Maukautojannon's, MautoTopa's, Mdewankton, MdewanTonwan, Medawakanton,
Medicine Bear's, Medicine Man's, Mina Sala's, MiniCan-Hinyoujou Sioux,
MiniKaynes, Miniconjou Sioux, MiniKayawozupi, MiniKoozu, Minnecoug
Sioux, Minnecoujou Sioux, Minniconjou Sioux, Minnieonzon's, Miwatani
Lodge, Mnikoozu, Mnikowoju, Mnisa's, Moccasin Top's, Moon Comes Up's,
Moose Woods, Mystery Lake
NNN
Nakoda Indians, Nakota, Nation of the Boeuf, Neecawweegee, Nichawigi,
Nightcloud, Nine's, No Neck's
OOO
Oak Lake, Oak River, Oconoma, Ogalala Sioux, Oglala Sioux,
Oglalahcha, Ojalespoitans, Okandada, Okondada, Old Bear Cap's,
Old Bear's, Old Bull's, Old Lone Horn's, Old One Horn's, Old Skin
Necklace, Olepi's, One Bull's, One Horn's, Onze-Sansan, OoheNumpa,
Oowesichan's, Owesichan's
PPP
Patriarch Crow's, Paul, Peta's, Pine Ridge I.R., Pinto Bear's,
Capot Sioux, Portage La Prairie I.R. # 8A, Prairie Sioux,
Pretty Bear's, Pretty Hawk's, Prince Albert, Pta Lodge, Pta Sapa's
QQQ
RRR
Rain In The Face's, Red Bear's, Red Bull's, Red Cloud's, Red Dog's,
Red Fish's, Red Hand's, Red Horn's, Red Horse's, Red Leaf's,
Red Lodge, Red Shirt's, Red Water, Red Water's, River That Flies,
Roman Nose's, Rosebud I.R., Round Plain Sioux, Running Antelope's
SSS
Sanona Sioux, Sans Arcs, Sans Arcs Sioux, Santee Sioux, Saskatchewan
Bands, Saskatoon

Scatters One's Own
Shell Ear Pendant, Shell Earrings, Shiyo Sioux, Short Bull's,
Shooters Among The Leaves, Short Hair

Si Chun Goo, Sicangu, Sichangu, SihaSapa Sioux, SiahSapakhcha,
SinsinTunwan, Sioux, Sioux of the Lakes, Sioux of The Prairies,
Sioux of The River of St. Peter's, Sioux I.R., Sioux Reservation,
Sioux Valley, Sioux YMCA, Sisseton, Sitting Bull The Good's,
Sitting Bull's, Sitting Bull's Soldiers, Sitting Eagle's, Siyo

Sleepy Kettle
Smoke's
Snake's
Sore Backs
Spirit Lake, Spirit Lake Village, Spotted Bear's, Spotted Eagle's,
Spotted Elk's, Spotted Tail's

Stabber's, Standing Buffalo Dakota Band, Standing Buffalo I.R. # 78,
Standing Bull's, Standing Bull Moose's, Standing Elk's, Standing Rock
Agency, Stone Dog's, Stoney Indians, Storm Bird's, Strikes The Ree's,
Striped Ground Snake's, Strong Hand's

Swan's, Sweat's, Sweet Bird's
TTT
Ta Coropa, Ta Sunke Kopipapi's, Ta Tanka Lodge, Ta Tanka Nazin's,
Tacohiropapais, Tacoropa, Tatanka I'Yotanka's, Tatanka Nazin's,
Tatanka Yotanka's, Tayhan Nakota,
Teton Sioux
The Cuts, The Man Who Crawls, The Minnicojou's, The One That Runs the
Ree's, The One Who Kills the White Man's, They Come From The Sunrise,
They Throw Things Inside, Those Who Carry Bad Bows, Those Who Wear
Crow Feathers In Their Hair, Thunder Hoop's
TiTonwan Dakota, TiyaTonwan Dakota
To Plant By The Stream, Touch The Sky's
True Oglala
Tschantoga Indians
Turtle Mountain
Two Arrow's, Two Boilings, Two Eagle's, Two Kettle Sioux
UUU
Uncapapa Sioux, Upper Sioux
VVV
WWW
Wacape's, Wachape's, Wagimaza's, Wagmiza's, Wahin Numpa's, WahpeKute,
WahpeTon, WahpeTon Sioux, Wambdi Sapa's, Wamdisapa's, Wamnughaoin,
Wanapin's, Waterspout's, Wazaza, Welcome's, Whirlwind's, Whirlwind
Bear's, White Bear That Goes Out's, White Bull's, White Cap's,
White Dog's, White Eagle's, White Feet's, White Hollow Horn's,
White Horse Riders Society, White Thunder's, Whitecap's,
WiciYela Dakota, WichiYela Dakota, William Eagle's,
William Little Crow's, WitanHantahipi, WitanTanpi, Without Bows,
Wood Mountain, Wood Mountain F.N., Wounded Knee I.R.
XXX
YYY
Yaha Sapa's, Yankton Sioux, Yanktonai Sioux, Yellow Black Fox's,
Yellow Dog's, Yellow Eagle's, Young Man Afraid of His Horses'
ZZZ
Zuzuecha's

[mika]

Was this already discussed somewhere, did I miss the conversation?

[Dietmar]

Hey Mika,

don´t think your initial question is not interesting or worth an answer. Maybe it´s more like: it´s hard to know where to start. There are so many bands, tiyospayes and leaders of the Oglalas documented, you´ll get lost.

To get a start, I list some obvious leaders to the bands you gave:

True Oglala: Sitting Bear, American Horse
Hunkpatila: Man-Afraid-of-his-Horses, Little Hawk, Yellow Eagle
Bad Faces: Red Cloud, Black Twin
Spleen: Yellow Bear, Calico, White Bird
Kiyuksa: Little Wound
Oyukpe: Red Dog
Wazhazha: Red Leaf, Day
Loafers: Blue Horse, Red Shirt

Bands and leaders were constantly changing and regrouping, so the above is most probably not definite.

Regards

Dietmar

[mika]

Thank you Dietmar,

I know I’m asking a huge question, but any help is welcomed…
Here is some more starters (combined with your information):

True Oglala:
-Sitting Bear, American Horse
- Itancan Bad Wound until dies 1865
Red Cloud as Wakiconza till 1871
1871 -Sitting Bear and American Horse as Itacan
American Horses group was parent band, Sitting bear was father to American Horse and both were shirt wearers.


True Oglala / Hunkpatila -> Payabya
- Man-Afraid-of-his-Horses, Little Hawk, Yellow Eagle
- 1966 Hunpatila was made of 4 kindred groups,
Kapotza - lightweight (Black Elk I, Makes of Song, Crazy Horse/Worm, Man Afraid of His Horse)
Standing Bull Family, later lead by Worms Brother Little Hawk (Elder)
Yellow Eagle Family, Yellow Eagle II, Payabya Blue Handle (Man Afraid.. Veli)
Kingsley Bray - Crazy Horse p.418n32
- 1845 Bad Wound II akicita leader Hunkpatila band -> head of the Tasnaheca
- By his early 30s Little Hawk became one of the headmen in the Hunkpatila band. With Yellow Eagle, joint leaders of a 45-lodge camp of Hunkpatila, he signed the Fort Laramie treaty early in June 1868. After the establishment of Red Cloud Agency in 1871 the Northern Oglala bands all split into agency and 'northern' factions. The Hunkpatila sub-bands led by Old Man Afraid of His Horse, Young Man Afraid of His Horse, and Tongue, all settled at the agency. Those sub-bands led by Yellow Eagle, Iron Crow/Jumping Shield, Little Hawk, and of course Crazy Horse, stayed in the north until the surrenders of 1877. I think that Little Hawk was named as one of the four Deciders (Wakicunze) in the Northern Oglala village in 1873, 1875, and 1877.–LaDonna
- "first Old Man Afraid" belonged to the Kuhinyan band of the Oglala tribe. He Dog further identified this tiyospaye as a sub-band of the larger Kiyaksa band. - Kingsley Bray
- non-treaty faction retained the Hunkpatila name, and remained in the Powder River country, led by such headmen as Little Hawk, Worm, Yellow Eagle (III?), and most famously Crazy Horse. -Kingsley Bray

True Oglala / Ite Sica
- Red Cloud, Black Twin
- first chief Itancan Bad Face, son of Old Smoke an Father of Woman's Dress
- 1881 Young man afraid of his horses takes power from Red Cloud

True Oglala / Spleen
- Yellow Bear, Calico, White Bird
- 1877 Chief Yellow Bear
1877 Agency Spleen leader Pawnee Killer
White Bird head Akicita

Kiyuksa
- Little Wound
- 1825 Itacan– Crazy Bear (Mato Witko), warchief Bull Bear (Mato Tatanyka)
1841 Bull Bear younger?/ Whirlwind?
Little Wound
1881 American Horse

Oyukpe
- Red Dog
- Late 1830's Chief White Earrings
1860's Big Road Thiyospaye leader? Shirt Wearer
1870's Red Dog, War leader?, High Wolf, Slow Bull
1870's warleader Black fox
Young Man Afraid of his horse

Wazhaza (More Brule than Oglala?)
- Red Leaf, Day
- 1851 Scattering/Conquering Bear head man brule wazhazha, was made head chief of lakotas by Mitchell
1870’ Wazaza – Red Leaf – Brule band?
Day was chief – Garnett/Ricker

Loafers
- Blue Horse, Red Shirt
- Keeps the Battle
Big Mouth (killed by Spotted Tail)

Mika

[ephriam]

Good morning, Mika:

I am in Chadron, Nebraska, this morning, enroute to Pine Ridge to give a talk on Oglala bands (and the Crazy Horse family). I cannot respond to each of the entries you posted, but do have a few minutes to respond to a few of them:

Young Man Afraid's band was not part of the Oyuhpe; they were more closely alligned with the True Ogalala Tiyospaye.

The Wajaje Tiyospaye were not Oglala during this period. Red Leaf was often associated with the Oglala at the Red Cloud Agency during the 1873-1877 period, hence the confusion sometimes. At one of the treaty councils however Red Leaf corrected one of the commissioners to indicate that they still considered themselves Brule. In 1877, they transferred to the Spotted Tail Agency. After Pine Ridge and Rosebud were established, the Wajaje tiyospaye split between Red Leaf and Day, one part settling at Pine Ridge and the other at Rosebud.

Loafer (Wagluhe) band: In 1876, Blue Horse (brother of the deceased Big Mouth) was the most prominent leader of the Wagluhe. Following the attempted arrest of Sioux Jim and the arrest of Blue Horse, he seems to have given up leadership to several of the younger upcoming headmen. American Horse and Three Bears became the most prominent in 1876-77. At the time the Oglala settled at Pine Ridge in 1878, the Wagluhe split, according to William Garnett, into three bands: one under Blue Horse, another American Horse and the third under Three Bears.

We can discuss more later. Good luck!

ephriam

[Dietmar]

Here are some more thoughts on Oglala leaders:

The Spleen or Melt band had been led until 1865 by Two Face “Ite Nompa” and Blackfoot “Siha Sapa”, who both were hanged at Fort Laramie in 1865. Yellow Bear I was the principal itancan of that group afterwards, until he got killed by John Richard. Then Yellow Bear II, White Bird and Calico aka Black Shield, a relative of Two Face (possibly a nephew), each had a following in the Spleen band.

Sitting Bear and American Horse were leaders of the True Oglalas. The latter seem to had become a leader among the Loafers in the reservation period. Did he marry into this group?
Another major leader of the True Oglalas was Bad Wound, who was made head chief of the Oglalas by General Harney.

The most important Oyukpe chief was certainly Red Dog. Other prominent headmen include Slow Bull, High Wolf, Big Foot (all part of the 1872 delegation to Washington) and Big Road.

Of the Bad Faces I would also like to mention Brave Bear, father of Sword and his younger brother George Sword.

Big Ribs is often mentioned as a leader of the Loafers, when they were camped at Fort Laramie. Wasn´t Three Bears originally from Little Wound´s Kiyuksas?

Other Oglala chiefs of whom I am not quite certain regarding the band they belonged to were Grass (not the Sihasapa), Black Bear and Fire Thunder.

Regards

Dietmar

[Dietmar]

Very interesting is James R. Walker´s list of Oglala bands, because he mentions some names we have not discussed before:

Payabya (Below), Chief Young Man Afraid of His Horses
Oglala (Threw dust on), Chief Red Cloud
Oyurpa (Pulled down), Chief Big Road
Sisicala (Bad bad), Chief Igmu wakuwa [Chasing Cat], Silas Blind
Hokayuta (Eats badger), No Water
Unkpati (Stuffed in), Chief Crazy Horse

Little Wound´s band, Kiyaksa (Bite in two)
Two Crow´s band
Bull Bear´s band, Tasnahecayuta (Gopher [ground squirrel] eaters)
Shedding Wolf´s band, Hokayuta (Badger eaters)

Evidently the last four bands named belonged to Little Wound´s faction and the previous six to Red Cloud´s faction. This suggest that the Hokayuta band was split betwen the two factions.

from: Lakota Society by James R. Walker, University of Nebraska Press 1982

[charlie]

Another question: but "TRUE OGLALA" and "BAD FACE" (Ite Sica) are the same band?
If not, what is the indian's name of the band "True Oglala"? Thanks.

[mika]

Charlie, what I have understood is that Ite Sica was (1870's) one band of group called True Oglala, others are True Oglala Hunkpatila (-> Payabya) and Spleen.

So Ite Sica is traditional Band but at the time grouped with two others. All three together were called "True Oglalas"...

[charlie]

Ok Mika. Then, American Horse and his father Sitting Bear at which "band" (not "group") belonged? And famous chief SMOKE (Shota) was a Ite Sica as so as Red Cloud or not?