Post by Dietmar on Mar 25, 2007 15:55:09 GMT -6
I have wanted to raise this question for a long time and will be very thankful for any answer. I am looking for information about the Indian delegation of the years 1851 and 1852, the first delegation to be photographed on their trip east.
After the first treaty of Fort Laramie a delegation set out from the council grounds on September, 23rd 1851. According to Father De Smet eleven chiefs and subchiefs of Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho were to go to Washington. In their company was also agent Thomas Fitzpatrick, former and famous mountain man. Other sources speak of 19 delegates, adding some Oto and Iowa chiefs.
Anyway, they stayed in Washington from November 1851 to January 1852, met President Fillmore and did some sight-seeing.
Some daguerreotypes were made during their stay, possibly by Philadelphia photographers like James E. McClees or Marcus Aurelius Root, and later copied by Antonio Zeno Shindler.
De Smet gave the names of the delegates as followed:
White Antelope, Red Skin and Rides on the Clouds of the Cheyennes
Friday, Eagle´s Head and Tempest of the Arapaho
One Horn, Little Chief, Shellman, Watchful Elk and Goose of the Sioux
Although these names were given, it is not certain that they are all correct. The Cheyenne Rides on the Clouds is of course Alights-on-a-Cloud, the famous warrior who died shortly after his return to the Southern Plains by a Pawnee arrow. But Little Chief, also a Cheyenne, is listed as a Sioux. He is in the famous photo together with White Antelope and Alights-on-a-Cloud. The Arapaho names seem correct, although Tempest is better known as Storm. I wonder if all Sioux names are!?
Now on to my questions. I know the portraits of the Cheyennes, Friday and Goose. Are there more?
Friday, Arapaho
Goose, Sioux
There is also a photo of Red Plume, a Blackfoot Sioux, from the same delegation. He is not listed by De Smet. I doubt that this name is correctly identified because in another photo, usually identified as Big Rib, an Oglala, you see that both pictures show obviously one and the same individual. Which name is the right one?
Red Plume, Blackfoot Sioux?
Chief Big Rib or Fought-by-the-War-Eagle
Finally, on their way to Washington, the delegates stopped at St. Louis. Here they were photographed the first time. Two portraits (of the Cheyennes) are in Powell´s “People of the Sacred Mountain”. A group photo is in Remi Nadeau´s “Fort Laramie and the Sioux”.
I already have identified Thomas Fitzpatrick, standing in the center behind the delegates. Sitting on the far left is Friday, the Arapaho. The third and fourth from left are Little Chief and White Antelope, the Cheyennes. On the far right sits Alights-on-a-Cloud.
Who are the other individuals? I wonder if the man second from right is One Horn/Lone Horn, the Miniconjou.
I must have read somewhere else that Man-Afraid-of-his-Horses also was part of the delegation. Could he be the man second from left?
Who is the interpreter standing besides Fitzpatrick?
I know my questions are not easy ones, but thank you very much for answering!
Best wishes
Dietmar
After the first treaty of Fort Laramie a delegation set out from the council grounds on September, 23rd 1851. According to Father De Smet eleven chiefs and subchiefs of Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho were to go to Washington. In their company was also agent Thomas Fitzpatrick, former and famous mountain man. Other sources speak of 19 delegates, adding some Oto and Iowa chiefs.
Anyway, they stayed in Washington from November 1851 to January 1852, met President Fillmore and did some sight-seeing.
Some daguerreotypes were made during their stay, possibly by Philadelphia photographers like James E. McClees or Marcus Aurelius Root, and later copied by Antonio Zeno Shindler.
De Smet gave the names of the delegates as followed:
White Antelope, Red Skin and Rides on the Clouds of the Cheyennes
Friday, Eagle´s Head and Tempest of the Arapaho
One Horn, Little Chief, Shellman, Watchful Elk and Goose of the Sioux
Although these names were given, it is not certain that they are all correct. The Cheyenne Rides on the Clouds is of course Alights-on-a-Cloud, the famous warrior who died shortly after his return to the Southern Plains by a Pawnee arrow. But Little Chief, also a Cheyenne, is listed as a Sioux. He is in the famous photo together with White Antelope and Alights-on-a-Cloud. The Arapaho names seem correct, although Tempest is better known as Storm. I wonder if all Sioux names are!?
Now on to my questions. I know the portraits of the Cheyennes, Friday and Goose. Are there more?
Friday, Arapaho
Goose, Sioux
There is also a photo of Red Plume, a Blackfoot Sioux, from the same delegation. He is not listed by De Smet. I doubt that this name is correctly identified because in another photo, usually identified as Big Rib, an Oglala, you see that both pictures show obviously one and the same individual. Which name is the right one?
Red Plume, Blackfoot Sioux?
Chief Big Rib or Fought-by-the-War-Eagle
Finally, on their way to Washington, the delegates stopped at St. Louis. Here they were photographed the first time. Two portraits (of the Cheyennes) are in Powell´s “People of the Sacred Mountain”. A group photo is in Remi Nadeau´s “Fort Laramie and the Sioux”.
I already have identified Thomas Fitzpatrick, standing in the center behind the delegates. Sitting on the far left is Friday, the Arapaho. The third and fourth from left are Little Chief and White Antelope, the Cheyennes. On the far right sits Alights-on-a-Cloud.
Who are the other individuals? I wonder if the man second from right is One Horn/Lone Horn, the Miniconjou.
I must have read somewhere else that Man-Afraid-of-his-Horses also was part of the delegation. Could he be the man second from left?
Who is the interpreter standing besides Fitzpatrick?
I know my questions are not easy ones, but thank you very much for answering!
Best wishes
Dietmar